Political Ideologies as Shapers of Future Tourism Development

Abstract

Purpose: The paper aims to identify the link between political ideology and the management of tourism in countries. We stipulate that the predominant political ideology in the country influences the nature and logic of state interventions in the tourism industry.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper elaborates several case studies from various countries – Bulgaria, Cyprus, Scandinavia, Russia, USA, China, Japan, Indonesia, North Korea.

Findings: Countries with predominant (neo)liberal ideology do not typically interfere in tourism regulation, while nationalism leads governments to stimulate inbound and domestic tourism. Communist ideological approaches tend to be burdensome, inhibiting growth while stressing the promotion of the socialist achievements of a country. Countries that are traditionally thought of as social democratic have been evolving in recent years to regulate tourism in ways that are more liberal in nature than social democratic.

Practical Implications: Political ideologies shape the acceptability of government support for private tourist companies, legislation in field of tourism, limitation/stimulation of inbound/outbound tourist flows. For the future we expect greater politicisation of tourism, active tourism ‘wars’ between countries, greater control of governments on populations, thriving nationalism, ‘aggressive’ environmentalism.

Originality/Value: This is one of the first papers to discuss the impact of the political ideology on the management of tourism at the national level.

Keywords: politics, political ideologies, tourism, tourism policy