Maternal and Child Health in Turkey Through the Health Transformation Program (2003-2008)

Abstract

Improving maternal and child health outcomes is a major development objective. Targets related to these outcomes were included in the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals and they continue to galvanize global support through the Sustainable Development Goals (under Goal 3 health targets). Turkey is among the few successful middle-income countries that have significantly reduced the under-5 mortality rate below the MDG 2015 target levels. This study analyses improved demand-side (health insurance, conditional cash transfers) and supply-side inputs (expanded health services) in Turkey’s health system as part of the Health Transition Program (HTP), as well as contextual improvements (such as improved economic well-being and increased maternal educational attainment), to identify how these input factors have advanced health outcomes. The results show that while demand-side measures, such as universal health coverage through extension of health insurance to low-income families (Green Card program), improved health utilisation variables, the main impact of on maternal and child health was through supply side improvements which expanded for all women access to free antenatal and midwifery care, regardless of health insurance status.

Keywords: Health Insurance, Maternal and Child Health Outcomes, Health Utilization, Social Protection, Green Card, Turkey

JEL Classification: J13, I13, I14, I15, I38