Real Contracts and Mistaken Wages: The Organisation of Work and Pay in London Building Trades 1650-1800

Abstract

Existing series suggest wages in London were substantially higher than in other European cities from 1650 to 1800. This paper presents new evidence from the construction sites that supplied the underlying wage data, and uncovers the contractual and organisational context in which it was recorded. Institutional records of wages were profoundly affected by structural changes in the seventeenth century, particularly the emergence of building contractors. The actual wages paid to London building workers were twenty to thirty per cent below current estimates. Wages in London were lower than Amsterdam, and little higher than elsewhere in North West Europe until 1780.

Keywords: Building wages, Industrial Revolution, High wage economy, Standard of living, Great Britain,18th Century, London wages, Construction history

JEL Classification: N00, N33, N63, N83, N93