Large-Sample Evidence on the Debt Covenant Hypothesis

54 Pages Posted: 3 Jul 2001

See all articles by Ilia D. Dichev

Ilia D. Dichev

Emory University - Department of Accounting

Douglas J. Skinner

The University of Chicago - Booth School of Business

Date Written: June 2001

Abstract

We use Dealscan, a database of private corporate lending agreements, to provide large-sample tests of the debt covenant hypothesis. Dealscan offers several advantages over the data available in previous debt covenant studies, principally through much larger sample sizes, more representative samples, and the availability of extensive actual covenant detail. These data advantages allow us to construct powerful tests, in which we find clear support for the debt covenant hypothesis. Apart from direct tests of the debt covenant hypothesis, we exploit these data to provide broad evidence on the economic role of debt covenants. Specifically, we find that private lenders use debt covenants as "trip wires" for borrowers, that private debt covenants are set tightly, and that technical violations occur relatively often, in about 30% of all loans. We also find that violations are not necessarily associated with financial distress, consistent with the idea that the consequences of violation vary considerably depending on the borrowers' economic circumstances, and that violations are often waived for healthy firms. Finally, since we measure covenant slack directly, we report evidence that the extensively-used leverage variable is a relatively poor proxy for closeness to covenants.

Keywords: Debt covenants; Violations; Dealscan

JEL Classification: G21, M41

Suggested Citation

Dichev, Ilia D. and Skinner, Douglas J., Large-Sample Evidence on the Debt Covenant Hypothesis (June 2001). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=275174 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.275174

Ilia D. Dichev

Emory University - Department of Accounting ( email )

1300 Clifton Road
Atlanta, GA 30322-2722
United States

Douglas J. Skinner (Contact Author)

The University of Chicago - Booth School of Business ( email )

5807 S. Woodlawn Avenue
Chicago, IL 60637
United States
773-702-7137 (Phone)

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