A Typology of Privacy

93 Pages Posted: 24 Mar 2016 Last revised: 12 Apr 2017

See all articles by Bert-Jaap Koops

Bert-Jaap Koops

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT)

Bryce Clayton Newell

University of Oregon - School of Journalism and Communication

Tjerk Timan

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT)

Ivan Škorvánek

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT)

Tom Chokrevski

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT)

Maša Galič

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department Criminal Law and Criminology

Date Written: March 24, 2016

Abstract

Despite the difficulty of capturing the nature and boundaries of privacy, it is important to conceptualize it. Some scholars develop unitary theories of privacy in the form of a unified conceptual core; others offer classifications of privacy that make meaningful distinctions between different types of privacy. We argue that the latter approach is underdeveloped and in need of improvement. In this paper, we propose a typology of privacy that is more systematic and comprehensive than any existing model.

Our typology is developed, first, by a systematic analysis of constitutional protections of privacy in nine jurisdictions: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovenia. This analysis yields a broad overview of the types of privacy that constitutional law seeks to protect. Second, we have studied literature from privacy scholars in the same nine jurisdictions, in order to identify the main dimensions along which privacy can be classified. Our analysis led us to structure types of privacy in a two-dimensional mode, consisting of eight basic types of privacy (bodily, intellectual, spatial, decisional, communicational, associational, proprietary, and behavioral privacy), with an overlay of a ninth type (informational privacy) that overlaps, but does not coincide, with the eight basic types.

Because of the comprehensive and large-scale comparative nature of the analysis, this paper offers a fundamental contribution to the theoretical literature on privacy. Our typology can serve as an analytic and explanatory model that helps to understand what privacy is, why privacy cannot be reduced to informational privacy, how privacy relates to the right to privacy, and how the right to privacy varies, but also corresponds, across a broad range of countries.

Keywords: privacy, privacy law, constitutional law, comparative law, law, typology, dimensions, information privacy

Suggested Citation

Koops, Bert-Jaap and Newell, Bryce Clayton and Timan, Tjerk and Škorvánek, Ivan and Chokrevski, Tom and Galič, Maša, A Typology of Privacy (March 24, 2016). University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 38(2): 483-575 (2017), Tilburg Law School Research Paper No. 09/2016, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2754043

Bert-Jaap Koops (Contact Author)

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT) ( email )

P.O.Box 90153
Prof. Cobbenhagenlaan 221
Tilburg, 5037
Netherlands

Bryce Clayton Newell

University of Oregon - School of Journalism and Communication ( email )

Eugene, OR
United States

Tjerk Timan

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT) ( email )

P.O.Box 90153
Prof. Cobbenhagenlaan 221
Tilburg, 5037
Netherlands

Ivan Škorvánek

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT) ( email )

Tilburg
Netherlands

Tom Chokrevski

Tilburg University - Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT) ( email )

Tilburg
Netherlands

Maša Galič

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department Criminal Law and Criminology ( email )

De Boelelaan 1105
1081 HV Amsterdam
Netherlands

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