When the Weak are Mighty: A Two-Sided Matching Approach to Alliance Performance Outcome

Abstract

Research summary - Network centrality is an important determinant of alliance performance. However, it is difficult to estimate how each alliance member's centrality affects alliance performance because the end market might value each partner's contribution differently. We solve this empirical question with a two-sided matching model that accounts for the partners’ endogenous selection and estimates the effect of each side's centrality and input quality on performance. We implement the method in the novel context of the Thoroughbred horse industry, in foal-sharing alliances between buyers and suppliers. We find that the buyer centrality has a larger marginal effect on the alliance performance than the supplier centrality because buyers, who on average are less central in our context, are more likely to diffuse valuable information to the end market.


Managerial summary – Alliance partners often struggle with identifying what their contributions and their partner’s contribution are to the alliance performance. We use a new method to identify each side’s contribution to their alliance. Our findings offer a few recommendations to firms forming similar alliances. First, we find that the less central partner in the business network has greater impact on the alliance performance due to their ability to diffuse more valuable information to the market. Second, our results suggest that product input quality that is relatively unknown impacts alliance performance more than low and average quality. Alliance partners may benefit more from experimenting with unknown inputs. Third, more central actors may reduce spending on mass communications if valuable information comes to the market through their less central partners.

Keywords: Alliance performance; Two-sided matching; Centrality; Networks; Information Diffusion