Banking Crises, Bail-Ins and Money Holdings

Abstract

We study changes in deposit and cash holdings by households following the 2013 banking crisis in Cyprus. During this crisis the two largest banks in the country were resolved involving a bail-in of uninsured depositors and debt holders. Our analysis is based on anonymized survey data covering households with differential exposures to the resolved banks: uninsured deposits, subordinated debt and equity holdings. In line with the portfolio theory of money demand, we find that in the intermediate aftermath of the crisis households significantly reduced their holding of bank deposits and increased their cash holdings. This flight to cash was much stronger for clients which experienced a bail-in of deposits or subordinated debt than for households which held equity in the resolved banks or did not suffer any financial loss. In the medium term, however, we find no difference in depositor confidence or intended money holdings between households which suffered a bail-in and those which did not.

Keywords: financial crises, bank resolution, bail-in, deposits, cash, money demand

JEL Classification: E41, G01, G11, G21, G28