Remedial Education and Student Achievement: A Regression-Discontinuity Analysis

48 Pages Posted: 3 May 2002 Last revised: 14 Nov 2022

See all articles by Brian Jacob

Brian Jacob

Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS); National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Lars John Lefgren

Brigham Young University - Department of Economics

Date Written: May 2002

Abstract

As standards and accountability have become an increasingly prominent feature of the educational landscape, educators have relied more on remedial programs such as summer school and grade retention to help low-achieving students meet minimum academic standards. Yet the evidence on the effectiveness of such programs is mixed, and prior research suffers from selection bias. However, recent school reform efforts in Chicago provide an opportunity to examine the causal impact of these remedial education programs. In 1996, the Chicago Public Schools instituted an accountability policy that tied summer school and promotional decisions to performance on standardized tests, which resulted in a highly non-linear relationship between current achievement and the probability of attending summer school or being retained. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the net effect of these programs was to substantially increase academic achievement among third graders, but not sixth graders. In addition, contrary to conventional wisdom and prior research, we find that retention increases achievement for third grade students and has little effect on math achievement for sixth grade students.

Suggested Citation

Jacob, Brian and Lefgren, Lars John, Remedial Education and Student Achievement: A Regression-Discontinuity Analysis (May 2002). NBER Working Paper No. w8918, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=310465

Brian Jacob (Contact Author)

Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) ( email )

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National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

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Lars John Lefgren

Brigham Young University - Department of Economics ( email )

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