Administrative Law's Political Dynamics

64 Pages Posted: 8 Mar 2018 Last revised: 4 Nov 2018

See all articles by Kent H. Barnett

Kent H. Barnett

Ohio State University (OSU) - Michael E. Moritz College of Law; University of Georgia School of Law

Christina L. Boyd

Washington University in St. Louis - Washington University in St. Louis - School of Law

Christopher J. Walker

University of Michigan Law School

Date Written: February 28, 2018

Abstract

Over thirty years ago, the Supreme Court in Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. commanded courts to uphold federal agency interpretations of ambiguous statutes as long as those interpretations are reasonable. This Chevron deference doctrine was based in part on the Court’s desire to temper administrative law’s political dynamics by vesting federal agencies, not courts, with primary authority to make policy judgments about ambiguous laws Congress charged the agencies to administer. Despite this express objective, scholars such as Frank Cross, Emerson Tiller, and Cass Sunstein have empirically documented how politics influence circuit court review of agency statutory interpretations in a post-Chevron world. Among other things, they have reported whistleblower and panel effects, in that ideologically diverse panels are less likely to be influenced by their partisan priors than ideologically uniform panels.

Leveraging the most comprehensive dataset to date on Chevron deference in the circuit courts (more than 1,600 cases over eleven years), this Article explores administrative law’s political dynamics. Contrary to prior, more limited studies, we find that legal doctrine (i.e., Chevron deference) has a powerful constraining effect on partisanship in judicial decisionmaking. To be sure, we still find some statistically significant results as to partisan influence. But the overall picture provides compelling evidence that the Chevron Court’s objective to reduce partisan judicial decisionmaking has been quite effective. Also contrary to prior studies, we find no statistically significant whistleblower or panel effects. These findings have important implications for the current debate over the future of Chevron deference. Our findings identify a significant, overlooked cost of eliminating or narrowing Chevron deference: such reform could result in partisanship playing a larger role in judicial review of agency statutory interpretations.

Keywords: Administrative Law, Deference, Judicial Review, Chevron, Skidmore

Suggested Citation

Barnett, Kent Harris and Boyd, Christina L. and Walker, Christopher J., Administrative Law's Political Dynamics (February 28, 2018). Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 71, pp. 1463-1526, 2018, Ohio State Public Law Working Paper No. 439, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3132045

Kent Harris Barnett

Ohio State University (OSU) - Michael E. Moritz College of Law ( email )

55 West 12th Avenue
Columbus, OH 43210
United States

University of Georgia School of Law ( email )

225 Herty Drive
Athens, GA 30602
United States

Christina L. Boyd

Washington University in St. Louis - Washington University in St. Louis - School of Law ( email )

1 Brookings Drive
St. Louis, MO 63130
United States

Christopher J. Walker (Contact Author)

University of Michigan Law School ( email )

625 South State Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1215
United States

HOME PAGE: http://www.chrisjwalker.com

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