Capital Structure Under Costly Enforcement

Abstract

We consider financial structure and repayment behavior in a setting where cash flows are private information to the entrepreneur and the cost of enforcing repayment differ across security holders. If enforcement costs are lower for shareholders than for creditors, a mixed capital structure with debt and equity can obtain in equilibrium. Under a mixed capital structure, creditors intervene in low cash flow states while shareholders intervene in high cash flow states. Moreover, strategic defaults, costly bankruptcy, shareholder intervention, and violation of absolute priority occur with positive probability on the equilibrium path. Several of the predictions from the framework are consistent with evidence not readily explainable with existing theories.

Note: Previously Entitled : Strategic Defaults and Priority Violations under Costly State Verification

Keywords: Absolute priority, cash diversion, costly state verification, financial contracts, outside equity, strategic defaults

JEL Classification: G21, G33, G34, G35