Economía del comportamiento: pasado, presente y futuro (Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, and Future)

Revista de Economía Institucional, Vol. 20, No. 38, 2018

35 Pages Posted: 25 Apr 2018

See all articles by Richard H. Thaler

Richard H. Thaler

University of Chicago - Booth School of Business; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Date Written: April 5, 2018

Abstract

Spanish Abstract: La “economía del comportamiento” intenta incorporar ideas de otras ciencias sociales, en especial de la psicología, para enriquecer el modelo estándar. El interés en la psicología del comportamiento humano es un retorno de la economía a sus orígenes. Adam Smith aludió a conceptos clave como la aversión a la pérdida, el exceso de confianza y el autocontrol. La economía del comportamiento encontró resistencia entre economistas que preferían mantener el modelo neoclásico estándar y argumentaban que la psicología se podía ignorar. Este ensayo muestra que esos argumentos han sido rechazados teórica y empíricamente, y que se deber seguir adelante. El nuevo enfoque debería incluir dos tipos de teorías: modelos normativos que caractericen la solución óptima de problemas específicos y modelos descriptivos que capten el comportamiento humano real. Estos últimos incorporarán variables llamadas factores supuestamente irrelevantes, que ayudarán a mejorar el poder explicativo de los modelos económicos.

English Abstract: “Behavioral economics” attempts to incorporate insights from other social sciences, especially psychology, in order to enrich the standard economic model. The interest in the psychology of human behavior returns economics to its earliest roots. Adam Smith talked about such key concepts as loss aversion, overconfidence, and self-control. Nevertheless, the modern version of behavioral economics introduced in the 1980s met with resistance by some economists, who preferred to retain the standard neo-classical model. They introduced several arguments for why psychology could safely be ignored. In this essay I show that these arguments have been rejected, both theoretically and empirically, so it is time to move on. The new approach should include two different kinds of theories: normative models that characterize the optimal solution to specific problems and descriptive models that capture how humans actually behave. The latter theories will incorporate some variables I call supposedly irrelevant factors, which can improve the explanatory power of economic models.

Note: Downloadable document is in Spanish.

Keywords: behavioral economics, human behavior, normative models, descriptive models, supposedly irrelevant factors

JEL Classification: A12, B29, D91

Suggested Citation

Thaler, Richard H., Economía del comportamiento: pasado, presente y futuro (Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, and Future) (April 5, 2018). Revista de Economía Institucional, Vol. 20, No. 38, 2018, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3157201

Richard H. Thaler (Contact Author)

University of Chicago - Booth School of Business ( email )

5807 S. Woodlawn Avenue
Chicago, IL 60637
United States
773-702-5208 (Phone)
773-702-0458 (Fax)

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

1050 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02138
United States

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