Putting Hate in Its Place: The Codification of Bias Crime Laws in a Model Penal Code

Abstract

Bias crime laws typically enhance punishment for criminal acts committed because if racial, religious or other form of bias. This article addressed how such laws are best codified within the Model Penal Code. The merits of varying approaches--bias crimes as part of the General Part, sentencing provision, or Specific Part--are considered and compared in light of their substantive implications and functionality.

Note: Posted with permission from Thomson Reuters. Copyright © 2019 Thomson Reuters/West.

Keywords: Model Penal Code, Bias crimes

JEL Classification: K14