Aging and Public Financing Costs: Evidence from U.S. Municipal Bond Markets
60 Pages Posted: 20 Dec 2018 Last revised: 27 Oct 2020
Date Written: January 13, 2019
Abstract
We examine the impact of population aging on municipal access to credit. A one standard deviation increase in a state’s population age leads to a 23 basis point increase in municipal bond issue spread. Three mechanisms drive this effect: income tax revenue, healthcare liabilities, and pension underfunding. Constitutional pension protections and securities with lower credit quality or longer maturity exacerbate the effect. To control for endogenous migration and mortality patterns, we exploit variation from historical state fertility trends. Our findings highlight the challenges municipalities face to cope with systemic demographic transition.
Keywords: Municipal Finance, Public Finance, Aging, Public Pensions, Demographics
JEL Classification: G12, G23, H74, H75, J11, J14
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
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