Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Which One Is More Effective in the Education of Employees’ Creativity? Considering the Moderating Role of Learning Orientation and Leader Gender

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the effect of transformational and transactional leadership on education of employees’ creativity by considering the moderating role of learning orientation and leader’s gender. The study hypotheses were based on the impact of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employees’ creativity. In this regard, the study questionnaire is distributed among 548 people of department of education employees. Using structural equation modeling the relationships between variables were investigated. The findings showed that the female leaders were more effective than male leaders on transforming schools. Moreover, the results showed that the learning orientation moderates the connection of both leadership styles and employees’ creativity.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Employee Creativity, Learning Orientation, Leader Gender