Lawyering Somewhere Between Computation and the Will to Act: A Digital Age Reflection
The Cambridge Handbook of Lawyering in the Digital Age (ed. Larry A. DiMatteo, Andre Janssen, Pietro Ortolani, et al.), forthcoming, Sept. 2021
46 Pages Posted: 9 Aug 2019 Last revised: 29 Dec 2020
Date Written: August 5, 2019
Abstract
This is a reflection on machine and human contributions to lawyering in the digital age. Increasingly capable machines can already unleash massive processing power on vast stores of discovery and research data to assess relevancies and, at times, to predict legal outcomes. At the same time, there is wide acceptance, at least among legal academics, of the conclusions from behavioral psychology that slow, deliberative “System 2” thinking (perhaps replicated computationally) needs to control the heuristics and biases to which fast, intuitive “System 1” thinking is prone. Together, those trends portend computational deliberation – artificial intelligence or machine learning – substituting for human thinking in more and more of a lawyer’s professional functions.
Yet, unlike machines, human lawyers are self-reproducing automata. They can perceive purposes and have a will to act, characteristics that resist easy scientific explanation. For all its power, computational intelligence is unlikely to evolve intuition, insight, creativity, and the will to change the objective world, characteristics as human as System 1 thinking’s heuristics and biases. We therefore need to be circumspect about the extent to which we privilege System 2-like deliberation (particularly that which can be replicated computationally) over uniquely human contributions to lawyering: those mixed blessings like persistence, passion, and the occasional compulsiveness.
Keywords: lawyering, artificial intelligence, machine learning, algorithms, System 1, System 2, heuristics, biases, intuition, insight, flow, ends, action, telos
JEL Classification: K10, K40
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation