You're the One that I Want! Public Employment and Women's Labor Market Outcomes

55 Pages Posted: 28 Oct 2019

See all articles by Pedro Gomes

Pedro Gomes

Charles III University of Madrid; University of London - Economics, Mathematics and Statistics

Zoe Kuehn

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid

Abstract

In most countries, the public sector hires disproportionally more women than men. We document gender differences in employment, transition probabilities, hours, and wages in the public and private sector using microdata for the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Spain. We then build a search and matching model where men and women decide if to participate and if to enter private or public sector labor markets. We calibrate our model separately to the four countries. Running counterfactual experiments, we quantify whether the selection of women into the public sector is driven by:(i) lower gender wage gaps and thus relatively higher wages for women in the public sector, (ii) possibilities of better conciliation of work and family life for public sector workers, (iii) greater job security in the public compared to the private sector, or (iv) intrinsic preferences for public sector occupations. We find that, quantitatively, women's higher public sector wage premia and their preferences for working in the public sector explain most of the selection. We calculate the monetary value of public sector job security and work-life balance premia, for both men and women, and we estimate how higher public sector wages and employment affect male and female unemployment, inactivity rates, and wages differently.

Keywords: public sector employment, female labor force participation, gender wage gap

JEL Classification: J21, J16, J45, H10, E60

Suggested Citation

Gomes, Pedro M. and Gomes, Pedro M. and Kuehn, Zoe, You're the One that I Want! Public Employment and Women's Labor Market Outcomes. IZA Discussion Paper No. 12702, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3475808 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3475808

Pedro M. Gomes (Contact Author)

Charles III University of Madrid ( email )

CL. de Madrid 126
Madrid, Madrid 28903
Spain

University of London - Economics, Mathematics and Statistics ( email )

United States

HOME PAGE: http://www.eco.uc3m.es/~pgomes/

Zoe Kuehn

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid ( email )

Campus de Cantoblanco
Madrid, Madrid 28049
Spain

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