Biosynthesis of Contents of Gingerol, Shogaol and Zingerone From 'Jahe Merah' (Zingiber Officinale Varieas Rubrum) Calluses by Treatments on Types of Mediums and Carbohydrates

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) is a yearly herb plant of the familia Zingiberaceae, with twin-coupled leaves of sword-formed, horned-like rhizomes, and fragrant. The purpose of this research was to discover the type of carbohydrate to be added to the medium MS and VW that could increase the biosynthesis process of Ginger Oil in Jahe Merah. The methodology of research was using Complete Random Design with Factorial of two factors. Factor I : Mediums of MS and VW, and Factor II : Types of carbohydrates, which were glucose, fructose and sucrose. There were six combinations of treatments, repeated 5 times with 4 samples each, to discover the best content of Ginger Oil. The results of this research were : the type of medium and carbohydrate that could increase the content of secondary metabolites of Ginger Oil. The conclusions of the research were : 1) The highest quantity of calluses were found on the treatment on Medium MS and fructose (C2M1); 2) The quality of calluses on the treatment of Medium MS and fructose (C2M1) were friable and embyogenic calluses, while on other treatments, the calluses were compact organogenic; 3) The friable calluses of C2M1 were suitable for propagation in vitro; 4) The highest contents of Gingerol – Shogaol – Zingerone were produced by the treatment of VW with fructose (C2M2) = 0,145%. The calluses of Jahe Merah had contents of Ginger Oil (Gingerol – Shogaol – Zingerone : 0,186 – 0,148 – 0,983 %).

Keywords: Explant, Biosynthesis, Gingerol, Shogaol and Zingerone, Calluses