Crypto Wash Trading
50 Pages Posted: 2 Mar 2020 Last revised: 3 Aug 2023
There are 2 versions of this paper
Crypto Wash Trading
Crypto Wash Trading
Date Written: July 1, 2023
Abstract
We present a systematic approach to detect fake transactions on cryptocurrency exchanges by exploiting robust statistical and behavioral regularities associated with authentic trading. Our sample consists of 29 centralized exchanges, among which the regulated ones feature transaction patterns consistently observed in financial markets and nature. In contrast, unregulated exchanges display abnormal first-significant-digit distributions, size rounding, and transaction tail distributions, indicating widespread manipulation unlikely driven by specific trading strategy or exchange heterogeneity. We then quantify the wash trading on each unregulated exchange, which averaged over 70% of the reported volume. We further document how these fabricated volumes (trillions of dollars annually) improve exchange ranking, temporarily distort prices, and relate to exchange characteristics (e.g., age and user base), market conditions, and regulation. Overall, our study cautions against potential market manipulations on centralized crypto exchanges with concentrated power and limited disclosure requirements, and highlights the importance of FinTech regulation.
Online appendix available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4529817
Keywords: Bitcoin; CeFi; Cryptocurrency; Forensic Finance; Fraud Detection; Regulation
JEL Classification: G18, G23, G29
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation