A Theory of Monopolistic Competition with Horizontally Heterogeneous Consumers
47 Pages Posted: 12 Feb 2020
Date Written: 2020
Abstract
Our novel approach to modeling monopolistic competition with heterogeneous consumers involves a space of characteristics of a differentiated good (consumers' ideal points), alike Hotelling (1929). Firms have heterogeneous costs à la Melitz (2003). In addition to price setting, each firm also chooses its optimal location/niche in this space. We formulate conditions for positive sorting: more efficient firms serve larger market segments and face tougher competition in the equilibrium. Our framework entails rich equilibrium patterns displaying non-monotonic markups, high in the most and least populated niches, and the unequal gains from trade across different consumers.
Keywords: firm heterogeneity, product space, positive sorting, product niches
JEL Classification: F100, L110, L130
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