Precedent as Rational Persuasion

25 Legal Writing: Journal of the Legal Writing Institute 135 (2021)

Texas A&M University School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 20-34

78 Pages Posted: 28 Feb 2020 Last revised: 27 May 2021

See all articles by Brian Larson

Brian Larson

Texas A&M University School of Law

Date Written: August 14, 2020

Abstract

The ways that judges and lawyers make and justify their arguments and decisions have profound impacts on our lives. Understanding those practices in light of theories of reasoning and argumentation is thus critical for understanding law and the society it shapes. An inquiry that explores the very foundations of all legal reasoning leads to a broad, important question: How do lawyers and judges use cited cases in their legal arguments? It turns out there is practically no empirical research to suggest the answer. As the first step in a comprehensive empirical effort to answer this question, this article performs a ground-breaking analysis of a carefully constructed corpus of judicial opinions and the advocates’ briefs that gave rise to them. It tells us not just that these textual artifacts cited court opinions, but how they used the opinions in their reasoning. The article then reveals whether judges and advocates placed different values on different ways of using cited cases. These practitioners used them to make assertions about legal rules in their arguments about twice as often as they used them as legal analogies and about four times as often as they used them to make policy arguments. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the practices of judges differed significantly from those of advocates. But so, too, did those of the prevailing advocates and their less fortunate opponents. On functional grounds, therefore, this article empirically supports the claim that there is a hierarchy of rational legal argumentative appeals, and that there is a common look to the ‘losing brief.’ This special convergence between theory and function can transform ongoing debates across legal scholarship on the value of drawing on precedent as a tool for rational persuasion.

Keywords: legal argumentation, legal reasoning, jurisprudence, empirical legal theory, legal topoi, case uses

JEL Classification: K4

Suggested Citation

Larson, Brian, Precedent as Rational Persuasion (August 14, 2020). 25 Legal Writing: Journal of the Legal Writing Institute 135 (2021), Texas A&M University School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 20-34, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3540538 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3540538

Brian Larson (Contact Author)

Texas A&M University School of Law ( email )

1515 Commerce St.
Fort Worth, TX Tarrant County 76102
United States

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