Mis-allocation Within Firms: Internal Finance and International Trade

Abstract

This paper develops a novel theory of capital mis-allocation within firms that stems from managers' empire building and informational frictions within the organization. Introducing an internal capital market into a two-factor model of multi-segment firms, we show that international competition imposes discipline on managers and reduces capital mis-allocation across divisions, thereby lowering the conglomerate discount. The theory can explain why exporters exhibit a lower conglomerate discount than non-exporters (a new fact we establish). Testing the model's predictions with data on US companies, results suggest that Chinese import competition significantly reduces managers' over-reporting of costs and improves the allocation of capital within firms.

Keywords: Multi-Product Firms, Trade and Organization, Internal Capital Markets, Conglomerate Discount, China Shock

JEL Classification: F12, G30, L22, D23