Predicting International Student Enrollment in U.S. Institutions by Institutional Characteristics: Using Fixed and Random Effects

Abstract

For the first time, international student enrollment in U.S. institutions of higher education declined for a second straight year in 2017-2018. As a result, this study sought to understand which institutional characteristics predict international student enrollment, informing the international education community regarding possible institutional factors responsible for the decline in international student enrollment by using five-year panel data from 2013 Fall to 2017 Fall. Results from institutional fixed effects models revealed positive relationships between the first-time international undergraduate enrollment and different variables such as institutional grant aid in bachelor’s institutions and student services expenses at private non-profit institutions in suburban settings. Contrary to earlier research, this study’s findings revealed that there is no relationship between state appropriations and first-time international undergraduate enrollment. Implications for research, practice, and international student choice are addressed.

Keywords: International Students, Higher Education, Enrollment, Random Effects, Fixed Effects, Panel Data Analysis