Antitrust Remedies In Digital Markets: Lessons For Enforcement Authorities From Non-Compliance With EU Google Decisions

Abstract

A recently published study by the author addressed the remedies imposed in the European Commission’s (the “Commission”) Google Search (Shopping) antitrust decision of 2017. The study ‘Google’s (Non-) Compliance with the EU Shopping Decision,’ considered the measures that Google implemented in Europe to comply with the Shopping decision as meritless. This article summarizes the views expressed in the study, and includes some recommendations for future antitrust enforcement in digital markets with strong information asymmetries and fast-moving targets.

Keywords: antitrust, competition, Google, comparison shopping, platforms, self-preferencing, favouring, remedies, non-compliance