When Being Connected is Not Enough. An Analysis of the Second and Third Levels of the Digital Divide in a Developing Country

Abstract

The Internet has been identified as a tool to overcome poverty; by improving communication, facilitating innovation, and driving economic growth. However, as seen in studies on the benefits of Internet adoption and use, the welfare effect of technology is not only based on its adoption, but also on the type of use. In this study, drawing on the Uses and Gratifications Theory, we identified distinct classifications and predictors of Internet activities (second-level digital divide) and Internet outcomes (third-level digital divide) relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa. Gender, age, and educational level are key predictors of the second-level digital divide, while educational level and Internet use patterns affect the third-level digital divide.

Keywords: digital divide, Internet, Africa, Uses and Gratifications Theory, UTAUT