Social Networks Shape Beliefs and Behavior: Evidence from Social Distancing During the Covid-19 Pandemic

75 Pages Posted: 21 Dec 2020 Last revised: 23 Feb 2023

See all articles by Michael Bailey

Michael Bailey

Facebook

Drew Johnston

Harvard University

Martin Koenen

Harvard University

Theresa Kuchler

New York University (NYU)

Dominic Russel

Harvard University

Johannes Stroebel

New York University (NYU) - Leonard N. Stern School of Business; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)

Multiple version iconThere are 2 versions of this paper

Date Written: December 2020

Abstract

We show that social network exposure to COVID-19 cases shapes individuals’ beliefs and behaviors concerning the coronavirus. We use de-identified data from Facebook to document that individuals with friends in areas with worse COVID-19 outbreaks reduce their mobility more than otherwise similar individuals with friends in less affected areas. The effects are quantitatively large and long-lasting: a one standard deviation increase in friend-exposure to COVID-19 cases in March 2020 results in a 1.2 percentage point increase in the probability of staying home on a given day through at least the end of May 2020. As the pandemic progresses—and the characteristics of individuals with the highest friend-exposure vary— changes in friend-exposure continue to drive changes in social distancing behavior, ruling out many unobserved effects as drivers of our results. We also show that individuals with higher friend-exposure to COVID-19 are more likely to publicly post in support of social distancing measures and less likely to be members of groups advocating to "reopen" the economy. These findings suggest that friends can influence individuals’ beliefs about the risks of the disease and thereby induce them to engage in mitigating public health behavior.

Suggested Citation

Bailey, Michael and Johnston, Drew and Koenen, Martin and Kuchler, Theresa and Russel, Dominic and Stroebel, Johannes, Social Networks Shape Beliefs and Behavior: Evidence from Social Distancing During the Covid-19 Pandemic (December 2020). NBER Working Paper No. w28234, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3753144

Michael Bailey (Contact Author)

Facebook ( email )

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Drew Johnston

Harvard University ( email )

Martin Koenen

Harvard University ( email )

Theresa Kuchler

New York University (NYU) ( email )

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Dominic Russel

Harvard University ( email )

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Johannes Stroebel

New York University (NYU) - Leonard N. Stern School of Business ( email )

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National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) ( email )

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Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) ( email )

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