Non-GAAP Earnings: A Consistency and Comparability Crisis?
Posted: 8 Feb 2021
There are 2 versions of this paper
Non-GAAP Earnings: A Consistency and Comparability Crisis?
Date Written: December 21, 2020
Abstract
We use a novel data set to examine the across-time consistency and across-firm comparability of firms’ non-GAAP earnings disclosures. Given widespread concern about non-GAAP reporting among regulators, standard setters, the investor community, and academics, our investigation provides timely evidence on how managers’ deviations from their own non-GAAP disclosure history, or the reporting of industry peers, affects how well earnings inform on firm performance. We begin by identifying firms that change their non-GAAP earnings definition from one year to the next. These deviations are uncommon, but when managers change the items they exclude in calculating non-GAAP earnings, the changes generally enhance the information in earnings about firms’ core performance. We also examine whether non-GAAP earnings are more comparable than GAAP earnings and find that firms’ non-GAAP adjustments result in greater earnings comparability. Finally, we examine instances in which firms deviate from common sector-wide definitions of non-GAAP earnings. We find that these deviations also result in earnings metrics that better represent firms’ core operations. Overall, our results suggest that when managers vary their non-GAAP calculations, either across time or across firms, the resulting non-GAAP metrics generally enhance the information in earnings about firms’ ongoing performance. Thus, our analysis helps mitigate concerns about why managers might vary their non-GAAP reporting calculations.
Keywords: non-GAAP earnings, voluntary disclosure, reporting consistency, earnings comparability
JEL Classification: G14, M40, M41, M48
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
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