The Massification of Higher Education and Income Distribution. Brazilian Experience from 1995 - 2014

28 Pages Posted: 15 Mar 2021 Last revised: 21 Mar 2021

See all articles by Carlos Alberto Ramos

Carlos Alberto Ramos

University of Brasilia

Gabriel Ramos

Imperial College Business School

Date Written: March 12, 2021

Abstract

Brazil has enjoyed a long period of growth and stability between the years 1995 to 2014. The macroeconomics performance outspread into the social field with an increased education coverage, decline in poverty and inequality. Within the scope of education, an especially important aspect was the massification of higher education. Since in Brazil higher education has the one that has the highest returns, a valid hypothesis would be to suppose that its massification should have contributed to the reduction of inequalities. The data we found does not support this hypothesis. Increased access to higher education seems to have had an opposite effect and soften the tendencies to equality. Every indicator we worked with in this article point to the same direction.

Keywords: Human Capital, Education, Distribution, Gini, Brazil

JEL Classification: I23, I245, I28, J31, D63. I28

Suggested Citation

Ramos, Carlos Alberto and Ramos, Gabriel, The Massification of Higher Education and Income Distribution. Brazilian Experience from 1995 - 2014 (March 12, 2021). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3802909 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3802909

Carlos Alberto Ramos (Contact Author)

University of Brasilia ( email )

FACE. Campus Asa Norte.
Brasilia, DF 70910900
Brazil

Gabriel Ramos

Imperial College Business School ( email )

South Kensington Campus
Exhibition Road
London SW7 2AZ, SW7 2AZ
United Kingdom

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