Hierarchy in Regime Complexes: Understanding Authority in Antarctic Governance
International Studies Quarterly
45 Pages Posted: 19 Apr 2021
Date Written: April 13, 2021
Abstract
Many scholars argue regime complexes are non-hierarchical. But if that is true, then how does authority function? This paper argues that the conceptualization of regime complexes as largely devoid of hierarchy is mistaken. Instead, it offers a new definition of regime complexes: emergent patterns of authority among state and non-state actors, which vary in their degree of hierarchy. Hierarchy in regime complexes looks different from political scientists’ traditional conceptualization. It is systemic, emergent and positional. I present two dimensions of variation in hierarchy: deference and autonomy. These dimensions provide both a conceptual and empirical strategy for understanding how authority relations are constituted. Conceptually, they allow us to “see” hierarchy in regime complexes. Empirically, they provide transparent, replicable and variable measures, which have eluded much of the work to date. I use topic modeling coupled with network analysis to detect hierarchy in the regime complex for Antarctica. I demonstrate that the inclusion of non-state actors and their governance activities changes our understanding of the Antarctic regime complex. This approach reveals a hierarchical regime complex, where some non-state actors have considerable authority, and are governing issues not regulated by formal rules.
Keywords: regime complexes, global governance, Antarctica, authority, private authority
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