Disparities in Socio-Economic Status and BMI in the UK Are Partly Due to Genetic and Environmental Luck

Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper 2021-035/V

31 Pages Posted: 7 May 2021 Last revised: 10 May 2021

See all articles by Casper Burik

Casper Burik

VU University Amsterdam

Hyeokmoon Kweon

VU University Amsterdam

Philipp Koellinger

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Date Written: May 4, 2021

Abstract

Two family-specific lotteries take place during conception— a social lottery that determines who our parents are and which environment we grow up in, and a genetic lottery that determines which part of their genomes our parents pass on to us. The outcomes of these lotteries create inequalities of opportunity that can translate into disparities in health and socioeconomic status. Here, we estimate a lower bound for the relevance of these two lotteries for differences in education, income and body mass index in a sample of 38,698 siblings in the UK who were born between 1937 and 1970. Our estimates are based on models that combine family-specific effects with gene-by-environment interactions. We find that the random differences between siblings in their genetic endowments clearly contribute towards inequalities in the outcomes we study. Our rough proxy of the environment people grew up in, which we derived from their place of birth, are also predictive of the studied outcomes, but not beyond the relevance of family environment. Our estimates suggest that at least 13 to 17 percent of the inequalities in education, wages and BMI in the UK are due to inequalities in opportunity that arise from the outcomes of the social and the genetic lottery.

Keywords: inequality, income, education, BMI, genetics, polygenic index

JEL Classification: I24, I14, J00

Suggested Citation

Burik, Casper and Kweon, Hyeokmoon and Koellinger, Philipp, Disparities in Socio-Economic Status and BMI in the UK Are Partly Due to Genetic and Environmental Luck (May 4, 2021). Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper 2021-035/V, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3839489 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3839489

Casper Burik (Contact Author)

VU University Amsterdam ( email )

De Boelelaan 1105
Amsterdam, ND North Holland 1081 HV
Netherlands

Hyeokmoon Kweon

VU University Amsterdam ( email )

De Boelelaan 1105
Amsterdam, ND North Holland 1081 HV
Netherlands

Philipp Koellinger

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam ( email )

De Boelelaan 1105
Amsterdam, ND North Holland 1081 HV
Netherlands

HOME PAGE: http://www.philipp-koellinger.com

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