Sampling Dynamics and Stable Mixing in Hawk-Dove Games

Abstract

The hawk-dove game admits two types of equilibria: asymmetric pure equilibria in which players in one population play ‘hawk’ and players in the other population play ‘dove’, and a symmetric mixed equilibrium. The existing literature on dynamic evolutionary models show that populations will converge into playing one of the asymmetric pure equilibria from any initial state. By contrast, we show that under plausible sampling dynamics, in which agents occasionally revise their actions by observing either opponents’ behavior or payoffs in a few past interactions, can induce the opposite result: global convergence to the symmetric mixed equilibrium.

Keywords: Chicken game, learning, evolutionary stability, bounded rational- ity, payoff sampling dynamics, action sampling dynamics.

JEL Classification: C72, C73.