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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Management of Pneumonia in Preschool Child Aged 2-7 Years Old in China in 2010 and 2019: A National Cross-Sectional Survey
37 Pages Posted: 27 Oct 2021
More...Abstract
Background: This study aimed to understand the epidemic trends of pneumonia in preschool children in China and to explore the main contributing factors. This will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pneumonia in preschool children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and individual and environmental factors related to doctor-diagnosed pneumonia in 42232 preschool children aged 2–7 years in seven cities in China (Shanghai, Nanjing, Chongqing, Urumqi, Taiyuan, Wuhan, and Changsha) using a 2019 questionnaire. We then compared the results of the 2010 survey to analyse the changes in the prevalence and contributing factors of pneumonia in children.
Findings: Approximately 33.0% and 28.9% of children in 2010 and 2019, respectively, reported at least one previous episode of pneumonia. In 2010, residential area (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.03–1.13), maternal residential renovation within 1 year before pregnancy (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.05–1.21), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.01–1.28), paternal smoking (OR=1.07, 95% CI =1.03–1.13), and use of air purification equipment in the child’s residence (OR=1.11, 95% CI =1.00–1.23) were risk factors for childhood pneumonia. Use of mosquito repellents (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.89–0.99) and air conditioning (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.88–1.00) in the child’s residence were protective factors against pneumonia. In 2019, the addition of new furniture to the residence 1 year before pregnancy (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.00–1.17), addition of new furniture at child’s age 0–1 year (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.00–1.18), and modification of the residence 1 year before pregnancy (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.03–1.23) were risk factors for childhood pneumonia. Fumigant use in the child’s residence (OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.78–0.90) was a protective factor against pneumonia.
Interpretation: There was an obvious decrease in the prevalence of pneumonia among preschool children in 2019 compared with in 2010 in China. Implementation of pneumococcal vaccination, vector abatement, reduction of indoor renovation, acquisition of new furniture, and smoking avoidance, childhood pneumonia can be actively prevented.
Funding Information: All phases of this study were supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81861138005 and 81860179).
Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the research ethics committee of Fudan University (protocol no. IRB00002408 & FWA00002399), and all parents and class teachers of the children under investigation have signed written informed consent.
Keywords: Pneumonia, preschool children, risk factors, protective factors, indoor environment
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