Scarred for Life? Recession Experiences, Beliefs and the State

Abstract

This paper attempts to explain the stylized fact that support for a greater role of the state in the economy typically increased in response to major economic shocks. These effects persist over time and are strikingly consistent across three large surveys covering a uniquely wide geography. First, we analyse experiences during the COVID-19 crisis using a survey of more than 39,000 adults across 14 economies as well as during the global financial crisis using a representative survey covering 34 economies. Exploiting variation across individual experiences during these crises we find that support for state ownership and redistribution of income is significantly higher among individuals who experienced job losses and, to a lesser extent, among those who experienced an income shock. Those who only experienced an income shock are relatively more likely to support benefits for the working poor while those who experienced job losses favour unemployment benefits. As a complement to this analysis and in order to track the longer-term effects of crisis experiences, we rely on six waves of the World Value Surveys spanning over 100 economies. Here we exploit differences in lifetime exposures to crises by country and year of birth and survey year and show that individuals who lived through a major recession during adulthood express a stronger preference for state ownership and redistribution of income.

Keywords: recession, attitudes, state, job loss

JEL Classification: H11, I15, I18, J63, P16