A Paper Origami-Based Micro-Total Electrochemical Immunoassay (Μtei) for the Detection of Total Malachite Green in Aquatic Products

22 Pages Posted: 22 Mar 2022

See all articles by Jing Wu

Jing Wu

Nankai University

Xu Jing

Shanxi Agricultural University

Yong Liu

Hainan University

Luyao Zhao

Shanxi Agricultural University

Xuemeng Ji

Nankai University

Hanyue Fu

Nankai University

Bowei Zhang

Nankai University

Yan Zhang

Nankai University

Shuo Wang

Nankai University - School of Medicine

Abstract

Malachite green (MG) and its metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG) are aquaculture banned drugs whose rapid detection is required yet hindered by the use of expensive instruments as well as the tedious pretreatment procedures of aquatic samples. An integrated workflow for total MG (MG and LMG) analysis in aquatic samples is reported combining a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as extractant and a paper origami-based micro-total electrochemical immunoassay (μTEI). DES (mixture of glycine betaine and ethylene glycol) enables to extract MG and LMG with high efficiency from tissue samples and allows grease for separation. The μTEI is compartmentalized simply by manual folding to implement multiple analytical steps, including impurity removal, LMG oxidation, MG enrichment, and electrochemical analysis, in a programmable manner. The entire workflow can be accomplished within 1.5 h, with a wide linear range of 0.5-100 ppb, a low limit of detection of 0.07 ppb, and a high recovery rate of 78.9-97.6%. The μTEI offers a solution for the rapid accurate monitoring of total MG in aquatic samples and is potentially available for other contaminants after proper modifications.

Keywords: paper-based micro-total analytical device, deep eutectic solvent, electrochemical immunoassay, total malachite green detection

Suggested Citation

Wu, Jing and Jing, Xu and Liu, Yong and Zhao, Luyao and Ji, Xuemeng and Fu, Hanyue and Zhang, Bowei and Zhang, Yan and Wang, Shuo, A Paper Origami-Based Micro-Total Electrochemical Immunoassay (Μtei) for the Detection of Total Malachite Green in Aquatic Products. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4003256 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4003256

Jing Wu

Nankai University ( email )

94 Weijin Road
Tianjin, 300071
China

Xu Jing

Shanxi Agricultural University ( email )

Shanxi
China

Yong Liu

Hainan University ( email )

No. 58, Renmin Avenue
570228, P.R.
Haikou, HainanProvince
China

Luyao Zhao

Shanxi Agricultural University ( email )

Shanxi
China

Xuemeng Ji

Nankai University ( email )

94 Weijin Road
Tianjin, 300071
China

Hanyue Fu

Nankai University ( email )

94 Weijin Road
Tianjin, 300071
China

Bowei Zhang

Nankai University ( email )

94 Weijin Road
Tianjin, 300071
China

Yan Zhang

Nankai University ( email )

94 Weijin Road
Tianjin, 300071
China

Shuo Wang (Contact Author)

Nankai University - School of Medicine ( email )

Tianjin
China

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