Full Encapsulation of Oncolytic Virus Using Hybrid Erythro-Liposomes Membranes for Augmented Anti-Refractory-Tumor Effectiveness

Abstract

Intravenous delivery of oncolytic virus (OVs) is promising in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, fast clearance of OVs and the severe cytokine release syndrome impedes its wide application. It has been shown that nanoparticles coated with cell membranes display less toxicity and slower clearance. However, different from conventional nanoparticles, the characteristic spike-like structure and abundant antigens on the surface make it difficult for intravenous-delivered OVs to take advantage of cell membrane coating to shield its surface antigens .To overcome this challenge, we, for the first time, used erythrocyte-lipid hybrid membrane vesicle (erythroliposome) to fully encapsulate OVs for its intravenous delivery. We found that adding artificial membranes to cell membranes reduced the fluidity of the membranes, leading to an extraordinary shielding effect on OV antigens. Consequently, circulation of OVs was significantly prolonged and their oncolytic efficacy to metastatic and refractory tumors was markedly enhanced.

Note:
Funding Information: This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFC1316104), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81871960, 82073368 and 81773283), and Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No. XLYC2007071).

Conflict of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Approval: All animal protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fudan University.

Keywords: Oncolytic virus, erythroliposome, hybrid nanovesicle, antigen shielding, camouflage