Bridging State and Nonprofit: Differentiated Embeddedness of Chinese Political Elites in Charitable Foundations

Abstract

How are political elites embedded in both civil and political domains? I studied 246 Chinese political elites who also served on nonprofit foundations' boards from 2011 to 2015 and conceptualized a framework to understand the state-nonprofit relationship before 2015. The political elites can build horizontal connections with foundations, helping the party-state reach nonprofit actors. They can also build vertical connections with political groups, helping foundations access political resources. The dual-role elites' connectedness with foundations and in the polity varies by their primary positions in the political system. Effective communication between the state and nonprofit actors requires elites to have strong connections in both the civil and political domains, but the situation in China is far from ideal---those embedded in foundations are disconnected from the polity, and those connected in the polity are marginalized in foundations.

Keywords: Chinese political elites, nonprofit sector, civil society, political networks, nonprofit foundation, Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Youth League