中国法律与发展 (Chinese Law and Development)

Abstract

Chinese Abstract:  新冠大流行（COVID-19）使人们对理所当然的经济和治理模式产生了怀疑。在美国和中华人民共和国（以下简称「PRC」或「中国」）之间日益紧张的背景下，中国正在将自己展示为治理的替代中心。根据这些巨变，分析必须与中国如何创造跨境秩序相协调。尽管学者们研究了中国对贸易和投资法的使用，但对中国如何应对东道国国内法的关注不足。随着中国寻求保护其海外投资并促进其地缘政治利益，它面临着资本输出国所熟悉的挑战，但对中国采取的秩序或其对东道国、发达经济体和全球治理的意义知之甚少。本文旨在为中国采取的方法，特别是法律在全球发展中的作用提供一个分析框架。与以往的「法律与发展」方法不同，中国不愿对接受中国资本的东道国进行法律改革；相反，中国投资者试图避开当地法律。「中国法律与发展」（Chinese law and development, CLD；以下简称「CLD」）通过跨国法创造秩序，它建立在美国和中国的法律基础之上，并辅以法外和非法律规范。这些规范性秩序通过降低风险来保护中国的投资，这是促进中国在海外的经济和政治利益的先决条件。基于三年的实地考察及在中国和东道国的近150次采访，本文首次提出了CLD的实证研究，阐明了理解这一现象的分析理论。在评估CLD时，本文质疑CLD是否对发展中国家有利，并确定了研究中国经济全球化的法律和监管维度的研究议程。

English Abstract:  The COVID-19 pandemic has cast doubt on taken-for-granted economic and governance models. Against the backdrop of increasing tension between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”), China is presenting itself as an alternative center for governance. Pursuant to these seismic shifts, the analysis must attune to how China creates cross-border order. Whereas scholars have examined China’s use of trade and investment law, inadequate attention has been paid to how the PRC grapples with the domestic law of host states. As the PRC seeks to protect its investments abroad and promote its geopolitical interests, it is confronted with challenges familiar to capital-exporting countries, yet there is little understanding of China’s approach to ordering or what it means for host states, developed economies, and global governance. This Article seeks to provide an analytical framework for China’s approach, and specifically the role of law in global development. Instead of previous approaches to “law and development,” China is reluctant to engage in legal reform of host states that receive Chinese capital; rather, Chinese investors try to avoid local law. “Chinese law and development” (“CLD”) creates order through transnational law, which builds on legal infrastructures both from the United States and from China, supplemented by extralegal and non-legal norms. These normative orders protect Chinese investments by mitigating risk as a precondition to promoting China’s economic and political interests overseas. Drawing on three years of fieldwork and nearly 150 interviews in China and in host states, this Article presents the first empirical study of CLD to articulate an analytical theory to understand this phenomenon. In assessing CLD, I query whether CLD is good for developing states, and identify a research agenda for the study of the legal and regulatory dimensions of Chinese economic globalization.

Note: Downloadable document is in Chinese.

Keywords: 法律与发展，跨境秩序，东道国，海外直接投资，中国资本，一带一路

JEL Classification: K33