Aggressive Measures, Rising Inequalities and Mass Formation During the COVID-19 Crisis: An Overview and Proposed Way Forward

Front. Public Health, 25 August 2022 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.950965

79 Pages Posted: 6 Jun 2022 Last revised: 9 Jan 2023

See all articles by Michaéla Schippers

Michaéla Schippers

Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Department of Technology and Operations Management

John P. A. Ioannidis

Stanford University - Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS)

Ari Joffe

University of Alberta; John Dossetor Health Ethics Center, University of Alberta

Date Written: May 24, 2022

Abstract

A series of aggressive restrictive measures around the world were adopted in 2020-2022 to attempt to prevent SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. However, it has become increasingly clear that an important negative side-effect of the most aggressive (lockdown) response strategies may involve a steep increase in poverty, hunger, and inequalities. Several economic, educational and health repercussions have not only fallen disproportionately on children, students, and young workers, but also and especially so on low-income families, ethnic minorities, and women, exacerbating existing inequalities. For several groups with pre-existing inequalities (gender, socio-economic and racial), the inequality gaps widened. Educational and financial security decreased, while domestic violence surged. Dysfunctional families were forced to spend more time with each other, and there has been growing unemployment and loss of purpose in life. This has led to a vicious cycle of rising inequalities and health issues. In the current narrative and scoping review, we describe macro-dynamics that are taking place as a result of aggressive public health policies and psychological tactics to influence public behavior, such as mass formation and crowd behavior. Coupled with the effect of inequalities, we describe how these factors can interact towards aggravating ripple effects. In light of evidence regarding the health, economic and social costs, that likely far outweigh potential benefits, the authors suggest that, first, where applicable, aggressive lockdown policies should be reversed and their re-adoption in the future should be avoided. If measures are needed, these should be non-disruptive. Second, it is important to assess dispassionately the damage done by aggressive measures and offer ways to alleviate the burden and long-term effects. Third, the structures in place that have led to counterproductive policies, should be assessed and ways should be sought to optimize decision-making, such as counteracting groupthink and increasing the level of reflexivity. Finally, a package of scalable positive psychology interventions is suggested to counteract the damage done and improve future prospects for humanity.

Keywords: COVID-19, government response, mass formation, emergency management, em, rising inequalities

Suggested Citation

Schippers, Michaela and Ioannidis, John P. A. and Joffe, Ari, Aggressive Measures, Rising Inequalities and Mass Formation During the COVID-19 Crisis: An Overview and Proposed Way Forward (May 24, 2022). Front. Public Health, 25 August 2022 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.950965, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4118910 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4118910

Michaela Schippers (Contact Author)

Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Department of Technology and Operations Management ( email )

RSM Erasmus University
PO Box 1738
3000 DR Rotterdam
Netherlands

John P. A. Ioannidis

Stanford University - Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS)

Stanford, CA
United States

Ari Joffe

University of Alberta ( email )

Edmonton, Alberta
Canada

John Dossetor Health Ethics Center, University of Alberta ( email )

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