The Design of Urban Block Morphological Elements and the Improvement of Microclimate Comfort Using the Genetic Algorithm

Abstract

Urban climate has a certain relationship with urban form and residents' living comfort. To ensure a virtuous circle between urban climate and urban form, this work uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to analyse the urban block form and microclimate comfort. It first introduces the research methods, objects, and models of the urban microclimate and provides a detailed analysis of the correlation between the two. Then, based on the test data, the influence of the morphological parameters of each block on the urban temperature is analyzed, and multiple regression equations related to temperature, solar radiation, average building height and temperature are established. With the optimal temperature, sunshine, and wind speed as the goals and the thermal comfort index of the human body as the evaluation standard, the GA is used for multi-objective comprehensive optimization, and the optimal layout solution set is obtained. Finally, a feasible optimization design strategy is proposed. The experimental results show that the thermal comfort of public space has a strong relationship with the height layout of surrounding buildings. Reasonable guidance on urban construction and control of the form of building space can make the building height tend to change steadily, slow down the staggering degree, and help to form a building layout pattern with low front and high back. It is conducive to the movement of airflow in the vertical direction and creates a good ventilation environment. There is a close relationship between the thermal environment of public spaces and shape control parameters such as the aspect ratio. By adjusting the shape control parameters, the thermal comfort of public spaces can be effectively improved.

Keywords: Hot and humid area, Thermal Comfort, Public Space, Genetic algorithm, optimal design, urban block form