Epidemiological Surveillance, Detection and Classification of Infection in Community from SARS-CoV-2, and Control in Municipal Wastewaters in Cyprus and Reuse Water

Abstract

Background: In this study, the aims and scope of the Detection and Classification of infection in community from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in urban and rural areas wastewater, their removal by efficient treatment processes, and the public health hazards associated with their release into the environments are of great significance in environmental microbiology.

Methods: Inspection of the Antimicrobial Resistance, correlations and associations with Quantitative PCR Detection in wastewaters, and Classification of infection in the community from the SARS-cov2 virus in monitoring discharged epidemiological samples in City's of Cyprus. The techniques are available for detecting and inactivating pathogens in municipal wastewater, and a thorough examination of all possible transmission pathways linked to the selected waste matrices. Thus, the most effective techniques, wastewater-based epidemiology, and quantitative microbial risk assessment, for virus surveillance in wastewater are systematically analyzed.

Results and contexts: Wastewater treatment and management, whether at the urban, rural, domestic, or industrial level, pose a high risk and major challenge due to the massive amount of biomedical waste and wastewater that finds its way to wastewater treatment plants. These situations may be a hindrance to human health, especially in the ongoing pandemic situation that needs to be assessed in the unit operations in the environment along with the presence of other hazardous pathogenic microbes.

Conclusions: Is urgent to re-consider the human-environment relationships and stimulate more sustainable choices in behavior. Scientific evidence showed that the onset of new viral pathogens with high epidemic-pandemic potential is often the result of complex interactions between animals, humans, and the environment.

Note:
Funding Information: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflict of Interests: None.

Keywords: SARS-cov-2 COVID-19, Environmental Microbiology, Wastewater, Public Health, Reuse Water, Monitoring Epidemiological Surveillance