The Design of the Nano-Container to Store the Highly Efficient Flame Retardants Toward the Enhancement of Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression for the Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Abstract

It is urgent to develop the highly efficient flame-retarding UPR composites to decrease the risk of conflagration. In the present work, an ionic liquid containing phosphorus and nitrogen was designed by the coulomb force between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2-Methylimidazole (MI), and it was stored in pre-expanded EG (pEG) to enhance the fire safety of the UPR. For the UPR/pEGAM9 composites, its thermal conductivity was 0.331 W m-1 K-1, which was 36.9% higher than that of neat UPR, and the tensile strength were was 24.6 MPa. Meanwhile, it passed the UL-94 V-0 rating with a LOI of 36.5%. The PHRR, THR, TSP, SPR, PCOP and PCO2P of UPR composites decreased by 71.6% and 17.7%, and the TSP, SPR, PCOP and PCO2P of UPR/pEGAM9 composites decreased by 42.3%,75.2%, 72.7% and 73.3% comparing to that of neat UPR, showing a large reduction in the heat hazard and smoke toxicity. Moreover, it was concluded that the condensed phase attributing to the excellent synergistic effect between the pre-expanded EG and [ATP][MI] dominated in the flame-retarding mechanism.

Keywords: Unsaturated resin, ionic liquid, flame retardancy, smoke suppressing, mechanism