Changes in Serum Neutralizing Antibody Potency and Breadth Post SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Boost
29 Pages Posted: 29 Dec 2022 Publication Status: Published
More...Abstract
A better understanding of the durability and breadth of serum neutralizing antibody responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by Covid-19 vaccines is crucial in addressing the current pandemic. In this study, we quantified the decay of serum neutralization antibodies after the second and third dose of the original Covid-19 mRNA vaccine. Using an authentic virus neutralization assay, we found that decay half-lives of WA1- and Delta-neutralizing antibodies were both ~60 days post second and third vaccine dose. Unexpectedly, the durability of serum antibodies that neutralize three different Omicron subvariants (BA.1.1, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) was substantially better, with half-lives of ~6 months or longer. A booster dose of the original Covid-19 vaccine was also found to broaden antibody responses against not only multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains but also SARS-CoV and four other sarbecoviruses. These findings suggest that repeated vaccinations with the Covid-19 vaccine may confer a degree of protection against future spillover of sarbecoviruses from animal reservoirs.
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Funding Information: This study was supported by funding from Andrew & Peggy Cherng, Samuel Yin, Barbara Picower and the JPB Foundation, Brii Biosciences, Roger & David Wu, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Support was also provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health through the SAVE Consortium. Portions of this work were supported by the US Department of Energy under contract 89233218CNA000001 and NIH grants R01-OD011095 and R01- AI028433 (A.S.P.), 5TU54ACTHL143541-04 (RMR)
Declaration of Interests: The authors do not declare any competing interests for this study.
Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Columbia University Human Research Protection Office Institutional Review Board. All individuals in the study received a BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA 1273 (Moderna) vaccine and booster doses. Select individuals with BNT162b2 (Pfizer) received a booster dose of Ad26.CoV2.S (J&J) vaccine four to six months after the two primary doses.
Keywords: Boosters, Vaccine sera, Neutralization breadth, Titer decay, Omicron, BA.5, BA.2.12.1, BA.1.1, Delta
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