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Changes in Serum Neutralizing Antibody Potency and Breadth Post SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Boost

29 Pages Posted: 29 Dec 2022 Publication Status: Published

See all articles by Manoj S. Nair

Manoj S. Nair

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center

Ruy M. Ribeiro

Government of the United States of America - Theoretical Biology and Biophysics

Maple Wang

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Columbia University - Irving Medical Center

Anthony Bowen

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Columbia University - Irving Medical Center

Lihong Liu

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center

Yicheng Guo

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Columbia University - Irving Medical Center

Jennifer Y. Chang

Columbia University - Division of Infectious Diseases; Columbia University - Irving Medical Center

Pengfei Wang

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Fudan University - State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering

Zizhang Sheng

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Columbia University - Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute

Magdalena Sobieszczyk

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Columbia University - Division of Infectious Diseases

Alan Perelson

Government of the United States of America - Theoretical Biology and Biophysics; Government of the United States of America - Los Alamos National Laboratory

Yaoxing Huang

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center

David D. Ho

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center

More...

Abstract

A better understanding of the durability and breadth of serum neutralizing antibody responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by Covid-19 vaccines is crucial in addressing the current pandemic.  In this study, we quantified the decay of serum neutralization antibodies after the second and third dose of the original Covid-19 mRNA vaccine.  Using an authentic virus neutralization assay, we found that decay half-lives of WA1- and Delta-neutralizing antibodies were both ~60 days post second and third vaccine dose.  Unexpectedly, the durability of serum antibodies that neutralize three different Omicron subvariants (BA.1.1, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) was substantially better, with half-lives of ~6 months or longer.  A booster dose of the original Covid-19 vaccine was also found to broaden antibody responses against not only multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains but also SARS-CoV and four other sarbecoviruses.  These findings suggest that repeated vaccinations with the Covid-19 vaccine may confer a degree of protection against future spillover of sarbecoviruses from animal reservoirs.

Note:

Funding Information: This study was supported by funding from Andrew & Peggy Cherng, Samuel Yin, Barbara Picower and the JPB Foundation, Brii Biosciences, Roger & David Wu, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Support was also provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health through the SAVE Consortium. Portions of this work were supported by the US Department of Energy under contract 89233218CNA000001 and NIH grants R01-OD011095 and R01- AI028433 (A.S.P.), 5TU54ACTHL143541-04 (RMR)

Declaration of Interests: The authors do not declare any competing interests for this study.

Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Columbia University Human Research Protection Office Institutional Review Board. All individuals in the study received a BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA 1273 (Moderna) vaccine and booster doses. Select individuals with BNT162b2 (Pfizer) received a booster dose of Ad26.CoV2.S (J&J) vaccine four to six months after the two primary doses.

Keywords: Boosters, Vaccine sera, Neutralization breadth, Titer decay, Omicron, BA.5, BA.2.12.1, BA.1.1, Delta

Suggested Citation

Nair, Manoj S. and Ribeiro, Ruy M. and Wang, Maple and Bowen, Anthony and Liu, Lihong and Guo, Yicheng and Chang, Jennifer Y. and Wang, Pengfei and Sheng, Zizhang and Sobieszczyk, Magdalena and Perelson, Alan and Huang, Yaoxing and Ho, David D., Changes in Serum Neutralizing Antibody Potency and Breadth Post SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Boost. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4309118 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4309118
This version of the paper has not been formally peer reviewed.

Manoj S. Nair

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Ruy M. Ribeiro

Government of the United States of America - Theoretical Biology and Biophysics ( email )

Maple Wang

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Columbia University - Irving Medical Center ( email )

Anthony Bowen

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Columbia University - Irving Medical Center ( email )

622 W 168th St
New York, NY 10032
United States

Lihong Liu

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

3022 Broadway
New York, NY 10027
United States

Yicheng Guo

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Columbia University - Irving Medical Center ( email )

Jennifer Y. Chang

Columbia University - Division of Infectious Diseases ( email )

Columbia University - Irving Medical Center ( email )

Pengfei Wang

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Fudan University - State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering ( email )

Shanghai
China

Zizhang Sheng

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Columbia University - Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute ( email )

New York, NY
United States

Magdalena Sobieszczyk

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Columbia University - Division of Infectious Diseases ( email )

United States

Alan Perelson

Government of the United States of America - Theoretical Biology and Biophysics

Government of the United States of America - Los Alamos National Laboratory

Los Alamos, NM 87545
United States

Yaoxing Huang

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

David D. Ho (Contact Author)

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

Columbia University - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center ( email )

3022 Broadway
New York, NY 10027
United States

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