Metabolomics to Study the Sublethal Effects of Diazepam and Irbesartan on Glass Eels (Anguilla Anguilla)

24 Pages Posted: 16 Jan 2023

See all articles by Iker Alvarez-Mora

Iker Alvarez-Mora

University of the Basque Country

Valérie Bolliet

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Naroa Lopez Herguedas

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Maitane Olivares

University of the Basque Country

Monperrus Mathilde

Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour

Nestor Etxebarria

University of the Basque Country

Abstract

Since glass eels are continuously exposed to contamination throughout their migratory journey in estuaries, to a certain extent the fall in the population of this endangered species can be attributed to this exposure, which is especially acute in estuaries under high urban pressure. In this work, metabolomics was used to assess the effects that two pharmaceuticals (diazepam and irbesartan) have on glass eels. An exposure experiment to diazepam, irbesartan and their mixture was carried out over 7 days followed by 7 days of depuration phase. After exposure, glass eels were individually sacrificed using a lethal bath of anaesthesia, and then an unbiased sample extraction method was used to extract separately the polar metabolome and the lipidome. The polar metabolome was submitted to targeted and non-targeted analysis, whereas for the lipidome only the non-targeted analysis was carried out. A combined strategy using partial least squares discriminant analysis and univariate and multivariate statistical analysis (ANOVA, ASCA, t-test, and fold-change analysis) was used to identify the metabolites altered in the exposed groups with respect to the control group. The results of the polar metabolome analysis revealed that glass eels exposed to the diazepam-irbesartan mixture were the most impacted ones, with altered levels for 11 metabolites, some of them belonging to the energetic metabolism, which was confirmed to be sensitive to these contaminants. Additionally, the dysregulation of the levels of twelve lipids, most of them with energetic and structural functions, was also found after exposure to the mixture, which might be related to oxidative stress, inflammation, or alteration of the energetic metabolism.

Keywords: Glass eels, Metabolomics, Mass Spectrometry, non-target analysis, Exposomics, Lipidomics

Suggested Citation

Alvarez-Mora, Iker and Bolliet, Valérie and Lopez Herguedas, Naroa and Olivares, Maitane and Mathilde, Monperrus and Etxebarria, Nestor, Metabolomics to Study the Sublethal Effects of Diazepam and Irbesartan on Glass Eels (Anguilla Anguilla). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4325876 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4325876

Iker Alvarez-Mora (Contact Author)

University of the Basque Country ( email )

Valérie Bolliet

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Naroa Lopez Herguedas

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Maitane Olivares

University of the Basque Country ( email )

Monperrus Mathilde

Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour ( email )

Nestor Etxebarria

University of the Basque Country ( email )

Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?

Paper statistics

Downloads
19
Abstract Views
133
PlumX Metrics