Decomposing the Effect of GVCs on Innovation

54 Pages Posted: 8 Feb 2023 Last revised: 26 May 2023

See all articles by Franziska Tinnefeld

Franziska Tinnefeld

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Economics and Finance; University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB)

Date Written: March 16, 2023

Abstract

With the rise of global value chains (GVCs) countries increasingly specialise in business
functions rather than industries. Fragmentation of production processes across the globe
into upstream and downstream stages also influences innovation along GVCs.
Research has shown that technological change consists of demand-side-driven product innovations
and supply-side-driven process innovations. In a multi-country setting of GVCs a distinction
between the two types of innovations has only been made theoretically.
We fill this gap in empirical research by using data of process-shares of patents and concord this
with country-industry level GVC-measures obtained from input-output tables covering
20 manufacturing industries in 38 countries over the years 2000-2013.
We find that while patenting occurs mostly upstream, process-shares of patents are higher in downstream stages of production in which labour-shares are also high. Specialisation in upstream
stages is associated with product innovations while specialisation in downstream stages
with process innovation. Typical offshoring destinations are positioned downstream with
higher process-shares as well as high labour-shares, while offshoring countries are relatively
more upstream with high levels of product innovations and low labour-shares.

Keywords: Process innovation; Product innovation; Technological change; Patents; Offshoring; Trade

JEL Classification: F60, L23, L60, O14, O57

Suggested Citation

Tinnefeld, Franziska, Decomposing the Effect of GVCs on Innovation (March 16, 2023). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4349779 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4349779

Franziska Tinnefeld (Contact Author)

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Economics and Finance ( email )

Via Necci 5
Milano, 20123
Italy

University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) ( email )

Roetersstraat 11
Amsterdam, 1018 WB
Netherlands

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