To Be Bribed or Lobbied: Political Control or Regulation

Abstract

The form of political governance determines the structure of competition among interest groups. A politician choosing direct control of firm entry can be bribed, while regulation based on minimum requirements makes her prone to lobbying. Direct control offers exclusive benefit to the winning group resulting in perfect competition among bribers, so all rents accrue to the politician. Under regulation some agents cannot be excluded from entry, giving their lobby a competitive advantage and allowing them to extract rents at the expense of the politician. If institutional quality is low the politician faces low risk of prosecution and thus prefers being bribed. Unequal distribution of legal power in oligarchic societies may give bargaining power also to bribers, allowing the most powerful individuals to share in political rents.

Keywords: Lobbying, bribing, corruption, competition, inequality