How will Language Modelers like ChatGPT Affect Occupations and Industries?
36 Pages Posted: 6 Mar 2023 Last revised: 17 Apr 2023
Edward W. Felten
Princeton University - Center for Information Technology Policy; Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs; Princeton University - Department of Computer Science
Manav Raj
University of Pennsylvania - Management Department
Robert Seamans
New York University (NYU) - Leonard N. Stern School of Business
Date Written: March 1, 2023
Abstract
Recent dramatic increases in AI language modeling capabilities has led to many questions about the effect of these technologies on the economy. In this paper we present a methodology to systematically assess the extent to which occupations, industries and geographies are exposed to advances in AI language modeling capabilities. We find that the top occupations exposed to language modeling include telemarketers and a variety of post-secondary teachers such as English language and literature, foreign language and literature, and history teachers. We find the top industries exposed to advances in language modeling are legal services and securities, commodities, and investments. We also find a positive correlation between wages and exposure to AI language modeling.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, language modeling, occupation, technology
JEL Classification: J23, J24, O31, O33
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
Edward W. Felten
Princeton University - Center for Information Technology Policy ( email )
Sherrerd Hall, Third Floor
Princeton, NJ 08544
United States
Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs ( email )
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544-1021
United States
Princeton University - Department of Computer Science ( email )
35 Olden Street
Princeton, NJ 08540
United States
Manav Raj

University of Pennsylvania - Management Department ( email )
The Wharton School
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6370
United States
Robert Seamans (Contact Author)

New York University (NYU) - Leonard N. Stern School of Business ( email )
44 West 4th Street
Suite 9-160
New York, NY NY 10012
United States
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