香港市民過去十年（2013-2023年）對同性伴侶權利的支持度有所提升: 目前六成市民支持同性婚姻 (Support in Hong Kong for Same-sex Couples’ Rights Grew Over Ten Years (2013-2023): 60 Percent Now Support Same-Sex Marriage)

Abstract

Chinese Abstract: 過去十年，支持保障同性戀者的權利的港人比例明顯上升。2013 年，只有少數香港人認為應允許同性伴侶結婚（38%）； 然而，到了 2017 年時，超過半數的市民表示贊同同性婚姻（50.4%）。到 2023 年，60% 的人支持同性婚姻，只有 17% 的人表示不支持同性婚姻，23% 的人持中立態度。

這些調查結果基於我們在 2013 年、2017 年和 2023 年對香港市民進行的具代表性的電話調查。在這三波數據收集過程中，受訪者被問及相同的問題。本報告通過比較三輪調查的數據來研究公眾意見的變化。此調查為運作時間最長的追蹤香港市民對有關立法保障同性戀者的取態之研究。

除了問及受訪者對同性婚姻的看法，我們的研究還詢問受訪者對特定議題的看法，例如醫院探視權、反住房歧視權、遇上重大意外事故時為伴侶提出訴訟的權利及繼承權等。 在 2013 年，大部分的香港人已贊同同性伴侶應於上述議題享有權利，而支持的聲音於 2017 年也有所增長。在 2023 年，我們發現只有一小部分香港人（約 8-12%）不同意同性伴侶應該在這些生活領域享有權利。從 2013 年到 2023 年，同意同性伴侶在這些領域應享有權利的人數的比例在每一個領域都在統計上顯著增加。

在 2023年，85% 的香港市民表示，同性伴侶應享有異性伴侶所擁有的部分權利，而2017 年時則為 78% ，2013 年時則為 73%。 此外，71% 的市民於 2023 年表示，香港應制訂反性傾向歧視法，而對比 2017 年時則有 69%，2013 年時則有 58%。 到 2023 年，只有比例非常低（6%）的人不同意制定這樣的法例。

我們也發現到，當問題提及社會接受度時，表示不接受同性戀者的香港人比例在 2013 年至 2023 年間下降了近 20 個百分點（從 32% 降至 13%）。

English Abstract: Over the past ten years, the share of Hong Kong people who favour protecting gay and lesbian rights has grown markedly. In 2013, only a minority of Hong Kong people surveyed said that same-sex couples should be permitted to marry (38%). Just over half of people expressed agreement with same-sex marriage (50.4%) in 2017. By 2023, 60% agreed with same-sex marriage; only 17% said they did not support same-sex marriage, and 23% were neutral.

These findings are based on telephone surveys we conducted in 2013, 2017, and 2023. During these three waves of data collection, interviewers asked respondents the same questions. This report examines changes in public opinion by comparing data from the three survey waves. Our study is the longest running research project to track public opinion concerning same-sex marriage using representative samples of Hong Kong residents.

In addition to asking questions about same-sex marriage, our surveys asked about same-sex couples’ rights related to specific issues, including hospital visitation, housing discrimination, fatal accidents, and property inheritance. In 2013, a majority of Hong Kong people already favoured same-sex couples’ rights in each of these areas, and those numbers grew by 2017. In 2023, we found that only a small minority of Hong Kong people (about 8-12%) disagreed that same-sex couples should have rights in these areas of life. From 2013 to 2023, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of people who agreed that same-sex couples should have rights in each of these areas.

In 2023, 85% of Hong Kong people said that same-sex couples should have at least some of the rights enjoyed by different-sex couples, compared with 78% in 2017 and 73% in 2013. In addition, 71% of people in 2023 said that Hong Kong should have a law to protect against sexual orientation discrimination, compared with 69% in 2017 and 58% in 2013. A strikingly small percentage of people in 2023—only 6%—disagreed with having such legislation.

We also found, when asking a general question about social acceptance, that the share of Hong Kong people who said they were unaccepting of gay men and lesbians dropped nearly 20 percentage points between 2013 and 2023 (from 32% to 13%).

The English version of this paper is available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=4452861.

Note: Downloadable document is in Chinese.

Keywords: Hong Kong, Same-Sex, Sexual Orientation, Public Opinion, Marriage, Gay, Lesbian, Tongzhi