Inequality and the Zero Lower Bound

This paper studies how household inequality shapes the effects of the zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates on aggregate dynamics. To do so, we consider a heterogeneous agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with an occasionally binding ZLB and solve for its fully nonlinear stochastic equilibrium using a novel neural network algorithm. In this setting, changes in the monetary policy stance influence households’ precautionary savings by altering the frequency of ZLB events. As a result, the model features monetary policy non-neutrality in the long run. The degree of long-run non-neutrality, i.e., by how much monetary policy shifts real rates in the ergodic distribution of the model, can be substantial when we combine low inflation targets and high levels of wealth inequality.

Keywords: heterogeneous agents, HANK models, neural networks, non-linear dynamics

JEL Classification: D310, E120, E210, E310, E430, E520, E580

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús and Marbet, Joël and Nuño, Galo and Rachedi, Omar, Inequality and the Zero Lower Bound (2023). CESifo Working Paper No. 10471, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4470391 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4470391