A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on ChatGPT in Education

Abstract

Over the last four decades, studies have investigated the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education. A recent prominent AI-powered technology that has impacted the education sector is ChatGPT. This article provides a systematic review of 14 empirical studies incorporating ChatGPT into various educational settings, published in 2022 and before the 10th of April 2023—the date of conducting the search process. We reviewed how students and teachers have utilized ChatGPT in different educational settings and the main findings of those studies. The results of this review show that ChatGPT has helped students in their learning process as it served as a virtual intelligent assistant, facilitated learning approaches, and enhanced students' competencies and academic success. However, the results of specific studies (n=3, 21.4%) show that overuse of ChatGPT may negatively impact innovative capacities and collaborative learning competencies among students. As for educators, ChatGPT has helped teachers enhance their productivity and efficiency and promoted different teaching methodologies. The majority of the reviewed studies have recommended that the effective utilization of ChatGPT in education requires well-structured training, support, and clear rules and regulations regarding its usage. Additionally, further research and engagement in discussions with policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners are needed. This review could serve as an insightful resource for practitioners who seek to integrate ChatGPT into education and stimulate further research in the field.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Models, ChatGPT, Education, Educational Technology, Systematic Review