Deep Neural Newsvendor

61 Pages Posted: 27 Oct 2023 Last revised: 5 May 2025

See all articles by Jinhui Han

Jinhui Han

Peking University - Guanghua School of Management

Ming Hu

University of Toronto - Rotman School of Management

Guohao Shen

Hong Kong Polytechnic University - Department of Applied Mathematics

Date Written: May 05, 2025

Abstract

We consider a data-driven newsvendor problem, where one has access to past demand data and the associated feature information. We solve the problem by estimating the target conditional quantile function using a deep neural network (DNN). The remarkable representational power of DNNs allows our framework to incorporate or approximate various extant data-driven models. We provide theoretical guarantees in terms of excess risk bounds for the DNN solution characterized by the network structure and sample size in a non-asymptotic manner, which justify the applicability of DNNs in relevant contexts. Specifically, the convergence rate of the excess risk bound with respect to the sample size increases in the smoothness of the target quantile function but decreases in the dimension of feature variables. This rate can be further accelerated when the target function possesses a composite structure. In particular, our theoretical framework can be extended to accommodate data-dependent scenarios, where the data-generating process could be time-dependent but not necessarily identical over time. Building on our theoretical results, we provide further managerial insights and practical guidance through simulation studies. Finally, we apply the DNN method to a real-world dataset obtained from a food supermarket. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that (1) the DNN method consistently outperforms alternatives across a wide range of cost parameters, and (2) it exhibits good performance when the sample size is either very large or relatively limited.

Keywords: data-driven, deep neural network, newsvendor, excess risk, nonparametric estimation

Suggested Citation

Han, Jinhui and Hu, Ming and Shen, Guohao, Deep Neural Newsvendor (May 05, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4582188 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4582188

Jinhui Han

Peking University - Guanghua School of Management ( email )

Peking University
Beijing, Beijing 100871
China

Ming Hu (Contact Author)

University of Toronto - Rotman School of Management ( email )

105 St. George st
Toronto, ON M5S 3E6
Canada
416-946-5207 (Phone)

HOME PAGE: http://ming.hu

Guohao Shen

Hong Kong Polytechnic University - Department of Applied Mathematics ( email )

Hong Kong
China

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