Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Bovine Bones: The Manufacturing Development and its Behavior Properties Towards Acrylic Resin/Hydroxyapatite/Alumina Composites

Abstract

Natural hidroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized from bovine bone waste with the calcination process. In order to improve mechanical properties of HA based composites for prosthetic bone candidates, alumina and orthodontic resin were added to the composites as strengthening particles and a binder, respectively. The percentage of alumina was 0-50%. The composition of the natural HA was characterized by using XRD. The ratios of Ca/P were analyzed by XRF, while the microstructure and phase composition was examined by SEM and EDS. The results show that the extracted bovine bone phase is pure hydroxyapatite with Ca/P ratio of 1.61. The increase of Alumina fraction increases significantly the hardness and tensile strength of the composites, and reduces agglomeration of HA particles. There is no significant effect of particle size on the mechanical properties.

Keywords: biomaterial, Bioceramic, Implant, composites, tensile strength